Death and Dying In Modern Christianity

The eNotes Blog Poes 5 Most Poe-trifyingPoems

Poes 5 Most Poe-trifyingPoems â€Å"Alone† On October 7th, 1849, Edgar Allan Poe, the bard of death and mystery, died mysteriously. His distinctive poems and stories, which range from spooky ghost verses to spine-tingling murder thrillers, have made their mark on writers and readers ever since. To honor the spirit of Poe, we’ve pulled together five of his most frightening poems, all of which deliver major chills in small packages. â€Å"Alone† From childhood’s hour I have not been As others were- I have not seen As others saw- I could not bring My passions from a common spring- â€Å"Alone† begins in a contemplative, almost confessional tone. The speaker shares his â€Å"most stormy life,† including his lifelong feelings of loneliness and separation from the rest of the world. As the poem reaches its conclusion, however, the confession transforms into a hair-raising, otherworldly vision†¦ I won’t spoil the rest for you! The Bells Keeping time, time, time,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a sort of Runic rhyme, To the tintinabulation that so musically wells   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the bells, bells, bells, bells,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bells, bells, bells-   From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells. â€Å"The Bells† is one of the most singular poems ever written. In four sections, it describes the sounds of tolling bells, expressed through dense onomatopoeia and repetition. At first, the bells chime out lightheartedly, telling of â€Å"a world of merriment.† Poe, however, cannot stay in such a world, and so by the final sections, the bells ring out with despair and ghoulish terror. You’ll never hear bells the same way again.    A Dream Within a Dream I stand amid the roar Of a surf-tormented shore, And I hold within my hand Grains of the golden sand - How few! yet how they creep Through my fingers to the deep, While I weep - while I weep! â€Å"A Dream Within a Dream† is deeply haunting, but not because dungeons full of ghosts burst open or winged demons wheel through the air with burning swords (that would be awesome, though). The poem is haunting because the speaker expresses a paranoia that his life is an unreal dream from which he cannot escape. If you like your spooks with a philosophical twist, this poem is for you. The Raven â€Å"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!† I shrieked, upstarting- â€Å"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night’s Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken!- quit the bust above my door! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!†                  Quoth the Raven â€Å"Nevermore.† If you know Poe, you’ve probably read â€Å"The Raven,† his most famous poem. On a dark and stormy night, a grieving young man is visited by a cryptic corvid, who answers his desperate questions with an unforgettable, dream-crushing croak. Will the young man ever again see his dead love Lenore? â€Å"Quoth the Raven ‘Nevermore.’† Gather your friends at midnight and read this riotous fright-fest aloud by candlelight. And good luck trying to sleep afterwards. The Spirits of the Dead Thy soul shall find itself alone ’Mid dark thoughts of the gray tombstone- Not one, of all the crowd, to pry Into thine hour of secrecy. For those who enjoy wandering through misty graveyards at night, â€Å"The Spirits of the Dead† is for you. Poe brings the inky darkness to life and stirs the corpses from their rest into a silent communion. Soak in the dismal scene: the frowning night, the disdainful stars on their high thrones, the mysteries of the dead. Poe truly captures the heart of Halloween in this slow-burning spooktacular.

How two major supermarkets in the Australian market carry out their Assignment

How two major supermarkets in the Australian market carry out their business - Assignment Example This research establishes an inter-association between all picture images, content, and loyalty components. The outcomes of the research demonstrate the way store picture influences feelings more straight from store environment, service, producing and after sales service more so than the sight and expediency. This outcome promotes past researchers like Willkie and Olson et al. on the way feelings have a straight firm effect on store loyalty and reassure the proposed theory if a customer holds an optimistic feeling towards the supermarket; they are probable to be faithful. However, this study contrasts the research by Yoo and Macinnis that accounts for just supermarket site to have a straight impact on the general store feelings. Alain d’Astous and Melanie Levesque’s research, â€Å"A Scale for Measuring Store Personality†, develops the urgency to conceptualize the notion that every store has its personal new personality and establishes a technique in which it wou ld be assessed to access its psychometric features. Five sizes were established that are applied in the breakdown of this research of Coles vs. Woolworths. The sizes are marked complexity, firmness, genuineness, keenness, and unpleasantness. The research attains its outcomes through establishing a prosperous personality scale for supermarkets to aid with marketers’ breakdown of customers’ views on the grounds of their emotional sequences.  

Ancient Dance References Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient Dance References - Essay Example Ancient Dance References Dance is a pastime and a ritual that, while historical, has very little traceable history. There is plenty of evidence to show that it has existed for many millennia, perhaps even since the dawn of mankind, but there are great gaps between the dance that we know now and the dance that existed back then.Dance, being a physical activity, is unable to leave behind concrete proof of its presence. As such, it is only a guess that dance has been around since the beginning of human beings. We are able to rely on the few bits of historical evidence to accompany this assumption, even though it still remains to be just an assumption. Likewise, the questions of where dance originated from, why it was started, and how it was originally practiced are only able to be answered with educated guesses. Descriptions of ancient dances are few and far between, but they do exist. This allows us a glimpse into the past of dancing. One of the first greatest descriptions of dance com es from India and was written by Bharata Muni, a man who lived approximately between 500 BC and 200 BC. The textbook that he wrote, which was called the Natya Shastra, outlined many things in regard to theatre and music, but the majority of the book was based on dance. Bharata wrote in great detail about a variety of dances, focusing a lot of pages to every movement in each of the dances. He also divulged into descriptions of the social contexts that these dances would be used in. This book is considered to be the first detailed account of dance.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Human Rights Idea Coursework

Strengths and Weaknesses of Human Rights Idea - Coursework Example With reference to the notion of human rights, it has been derived that all over the world, human rights have been promoted and protected for the entire human civilization for its fundamental freedom, political, economic and cultural issue. Human rights are equal and non-discriminatory for every human being in a society.With these considerations, the primary objective of this study is to find out the strengths and weaknesses of human rights ideas. Apart from this, the other objective is to analyze the prevailing purview of human rights including a critical argument between theoretical perspectives and democratic practice along with replicating an evaluation of the human rights ideas with case examples which either substantiates or challenges the laid down perspective.The history of human rights changed along with the modern era. The idea of human rights had been designed by human beings. The humans also govern it which is enforceable by the law. According to the law, every human being is equal and independent. Besides, no one has the right to harm/ kill anyone. Moreover, everybody has a chance of doing anything as a profession which is applicable under the law. However, it has been observed that over the years even after equalizing everything a number of grave problems remain unchanged.According to Charles R. Beitz, the idea of human rights function has been large and wide. In order to describe this, it has various positive and negative aspects. Human rights can enable to define emanating problems from a moral standpoint. According to his proposition, human right is the independent moral entity which is the key scope of human being. It has been identified that after the establishment of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), human rights are maintained systematically by the entire world. Subsequently, plenty of countries’ government has started promoting human rights domestically and internationally.

Ricardian Trade Theory: Overview and Analysis

Ricardian Trade Theory: Overview and Analysis The Classical trade theory: Ricardian Trade Theory (Comparative advantage trade theory) Introduction Ricardian Trade Theory David Ricardo points out the Ricardian Model in 1817. Different countries had differences in productivity and technology. Hence, those differences would cause comparative advantage trade. There are two mainly points of Ricardian Model; firstly, the different rates of labor productivity between different countries had important position in international trade. Secondly, the model of trade is dependent on comparative advantage, not absolute advantage. On the other words, According to Evans, H. D (1989), comparing two countries, a country had absolute advantage in the production of two goods, and the other on was in absolute inferiority. The assumption is: the two goods had different productivity in both countries (one goods productivity is more efficiency than the other one in a country). The advantage country got comparative advantage in one advantage good, and inferiority country got comparative advantage in one disadvantage good. Both countries produce their comparative advantage go ods, moreover, both countries export the comparative advantage good and import comparative disadvantage good, then both countries could got benefits from this international trade. This is the principle of Ricardian comparative advantage trade theory. As lecture notes point out and Porter,M.E (1998) concluded, the Ricardian Comparative advantage trade theory is based on the assumptions followed: 1, there are only two countries, A and B. 2, both countries are only produced two goods. 3, when the goods were producing, there are different technology between two countries, A and B. Hence the different degrees of technology level affect different productivity and capital. 4, this model only got the goods to goods trade assumption. There is no complicate trading. (Both goods got same price, however the cost of production was not equal). 5, labor market supply was fixed. 6, labour can mobile inside the country, however, is not mobile across countries. 7, in countries, goods and markets are perfect competition. 8, there is no tariff and transportation cost. 9, productivity of labor is fixed. (Means the degree of technology would not increase during trading.) The theory generally assumes that the relative supplies of these two particular commodities are based on their relative productivity and technology. Hence, every country got varies productivity or technology; the endowments were the factor of their relative the productivity. This theory presented two countries are endowed with different level or degree of the production factors, and the naturally determined endowments, country would follow the endowments to trade the comparative advantage goods to the other one. These affect the two countries international trade more efficient and decrease the cost of capital for both countries. Moreover, with constant productivity, both countries could benefit from the free international trade even one country is in absolute disadvantage. Takumi Naito (2012) concluded the Ricardian model of trade and growth. He concluded from the assumption and gets one results: if two countries got larger comparative advantage, the benefit for both countries are ge tting huger. We can easily contact the relationship between advance country and developing country. With the simple example, United Kingdom and India trade with the grains and textile during the law of comparative advantage coming out. Hence, the textile production in UK requires less labour hours required in the grains producing: UK got the comparative in producing cheese. Same as India, India has comparative advantage producing grains. Therefore, there are gain from international trade if UK product the textile and India product grains. The Ricardian Model really proved UK free international trade in grains. Under those assumptions, Ricardian model ignores many product factors besides labor. David Ricardo explained the reason of international trade under different efficient of labor production. There are huge advantages for developing the international trade with this classic model. Firstly, this model comes from the law of comparative advantage, and help the United Kingdom got the solution to the grain crisis from 1815. Secondly, although Ricardian Model only showed its pedagogical importance, the classical emphasis on different productivity and the cost of labor has been utilized by the neoclassical focus on factor endowments. (Stephen S.G, 2000) thirdly, older tests, such as MacDougall, 1951 and Stern, 1962 were highly successful. Hence, it is valuable for us to know how this basic pedagogical model performs empirically with the large recent data. The empirical Validity of the Model and the Relevance of the Empirical Work In these parts, this paper would show the strengths and weaknesses of Ricardian Model, from the points of empirical. The core meaning as mention before: follow the law of comparative advantage; the country would to do specialized production for only one goods which is comparative advantage good. We cannot reject this theory points with the literature evidence; however, we could prove some empirical evidence to discuss the advantage and disadvantage for the international trade. Basic Ricardian Model The Ricardian Model focus on the technology and labour productivity. As the comparative advantage theory mentioned, the labour costs also is the important elements of this model. Now, based on the research of Stephen S.G (2000) we represent ‘Aa’ to the labor requirements of every single unit in country a, and ‘Qa’ is the value-added in country a. represent the ‘La’ as the labour employment in country a: We can see easily, the Aa is unit labor requirements, that means the value of Aa get higher, the productivity of country a getting lower. Hence, the main points of ricardian model are increasing total productivity of whole country, the Aa needed to lower. Coming from the assumption of Ricardian Model, the labour is fixed and not crosses to the other country. Therefore, the La is fixed, we keep the La constant. So, the productivity is dependent on the totally value-added Qa. Hence, we can conclude: Ricardian Model would success, there would be a huge enough different productivity between two countries. Or there would not gain from the free trade. We could also use b to represent the country b. hence, Ab, Lb, and Qb are all represent same means in country b. as the labour cost we can defined as the Ca and Cb. Then, Wa and Wb represent as the wage of employees in countries a and b. we assume the exchange rate between a and b is 1:1. We use ‘Rab’ as the rate of Ca and Cb. The function can be showed: We can see, if Rab smaller than 1, that means country a cost lower than country b, country a got comparative advantage good that should export goods. If Rab bigger than 1, that means country a should import goods. (All the functions are all represent one same good between two countries) From this function, we can see one possible: Rab is equal to 1. Hence, there is no comparative advantage between country a and b (the absolute advantage country got same rate in both goods with the absolute disadvantage country), which means, there is equal disadvantage and equal advantage. This is one of the disadvantages of Ricartian Model. Empirical work of Ricardian Model With the basic Ricardian Model, we could learn from the empirical studies to find out the strengths and weaknesses. First of all, this paper would discuss the empirical theory from MacDougall (1951). This case study used the ratio of US exports to UK exports. The dependent variable can be presented as both exports. And he used the productivity as the main independent variable. He used the total exports between US and UK. He collected 25 industries from UK and US in 1937. With his findings, he set the hypothesis: the wage rate is the same level as the labour productivity between US and UK. He used the 1937 data; those data showed US wage rate is double to UK wage rate. And we can follow the function in top; there is same reason that US got the comparative advantage in exports. Then he used the simple measures, he found the results that 20 of the 25 products follow the ratio. There are bigger than one. Hence the results are support the Ricardian Model. Secondly, the case study of Stern (1962) same as MacDougall, they both compare the totally exports between US and UK during different periods. And both used the productivity as the main independent variable. The results is 33 of the 39 sectors follow this ratios, as same as results of MacDougall could support for Ricardian Model. Thirdly, case study of Balassa (1963) points out the bilateral trade from UK and US to the third markets. Different with Stern and MacDougall, he relative both labor cost and productivity as explanatory variable. With the bilateral trade, there are three characteristics: speed fast, huger scope and sustainable sequencing. With the Song (1996) points out, there are some problem between the Balassa studies, which is the transportation cost and the tariffs. Under the developing countries, there are huge different between the tariffs and transportation cost. The only way is to fix the free trade strategy to bilateral trade. tariffs and transportation cost are ag ainst the assumption of Ricardian Model. With the bilateral trade, Balassa chose the data from 1950 to post 1970. As the results, this is also can prove the prediction of Ricardian Model. Although the bilateral trade is following the comparative advantage, this paper would use the overall export ratio of Stephen (2000) as in MacDougall and Stern. The radio is exports to third markets. Stehen choose 39 manufacturing sectors from 1970 to 1990. He got the database from OECD Structural Analysis Industrial (STAN) and Bilateral Trade (BT). Figure one and two are showed. He collected the purchasing-power-parity (PPPs) exchange rate. There are three PPPs shows on second Figure, frist is common PPPs, Second is sector-specific final expenditure PPPs from ICP, and last is sector-specific manufacturing PPPs from ICOP projects. (Stephen S.G ,2000).

CRT Monitors vs. LCD Monitors Essay -- Compare Contrast Comparison

CRT Monitors vs. LCD Monitors The monitor is likely the most important part of the computer. Without it, you would have no idea what you were doing. Imagine trying to write a term paper, or surf the Internet without one. It would be impossible. While the technology powering the displays doesn’t change as fast as it does for other parts of the computer, there are advances which provide consumers with many choices for displays. Today, the most popular displays come in two types, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). CRTs have been around longer, and are the most common due to the fact that they are cheaper. However the convenient size of LCDs along with falling prices has made them a popular choice as of late. This paper will examine the similarities and differences of the two, and try to determine if one is better than the other. The CRT monitors work in a fashion similar to that of standard television sets. An electron gun is mounted at the back of the monitor. The gun fires a steam of electrons in a sweeping motion towards the front of the monitor. The electrons then pass through either an aperture grille, or a shadow mask. These items work to filter the electrons into focused beams onto the front plate. The grill does this via thin vertical wires, while the mask does this with a series of small holes. After passing through the filter, the electrons collide with the screen. The screen is covered with a serried of red, green and yellow phosphors that light up when hit by the electrons. By combining different intensities of the three colors, many different colors and images can be created. While LCDs also create pictures by lighting up red, green and yellow pixels, the ... ...f whether the extra cost of the LCD is worth the space it will save on the desk. After examining the two types of monitors, it seems that they are similar in more aspects than they are different. Over the last few years LCD screens have closed the gap in many of the categories in which the CRT was superior. In most cases, the choice depends on the personal preference of the individual user. For the hard-core gamer or digital artist a CRT may be slightly better due to the faster response time and better color purity. For most consumers the choice of an LCD or CRT monitor will depend on the price issue. While the cost of LCD screens has been declining over the past few years, they are still considerably more expensive that a comparable CRT. However if money isn’t an issue, a slim and sleek looking LCD might be the way to go over the massive CRT behemoths.

Understanding Abuse

Recent periods of social progress and development have seen many concepts and constructs receive widespread attention to what can be described as negative behaviours and one concept and area in particular to receive this attention is abuse. Any response to find a solution to a problem whilst remaining effective and appropriate can experience various complications as there can be an inability to provide a clear and detailed definition of what it actually constitutes, provision of evidence that remains compelling and substantial and taking on board the cultural, social and political considerations and factors that are relevant to the society pertinent to the discussion will receive complications. This lack of clearness in its debate has led to the development of additional descriptions alongside abuse such as psychological maltreatment (Garbino, Guttman&Seeley, 1986), further confusing the issue and its resolution but in spite of this confusion their has been much learned from what attempts have been made in the exploration and analysis of abuse and this discussion will try to identify different types of abuse,expain why particular groups or individuals may be vulnerable ,its differing contexts,risk factors associated and ensure the impact of cultural and social factors on the range of abuse is analysed thoroughly. Abuse is the weapon of the vulgar† (Samuel Griswold Goodrich) Abuse is a term that relates itself to any deliberate calculated damaging or deteremental behaviour purposefully used to damage or harm an individual or group and can occur when a person misuses ormistreats another group or individual without any interest in their worth,dignity or well-being. It can be seen as a behaviour where the abuser is interested in the exertion of power and control over the individual and be prepared to manipulate or exploit the individual involved into submission or obedience to their will. In recent decades it has been described in various forms but the main categories to contemplate are Physical,Emotional,Sexual and neglectful and a recently highlighted phenomena of Institutional abuse,that has led to greater awareness and debate. Physical abuse was the earliest form of abuse thought to have come under public consideration in the 1960’s and was believed to be linked to child abuse until child sexual cases started to come to prominence with the Cleveland cases in 1987(Corby,B,Child abuse,1993,p86) and has been defined as â€Å"hitting,shaking,throwing,poisoning,burning or scalding,drowning,suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer feigns the symptoms of or deliberately causes the ill-health to a child they are looking after. This situation is commonly described using terms such as fictitious illness by proxy or â€Å"Munchausen Syndrome by proxy†(Dept of Health,1995:5). This definition can be seen to as quite specific but does not provide any suggestions as to when such actions are deemed grave to authorise intervention and prevention of such behaviours and although it has various forms it can be the most visible, having damaging and long lasting effects. Emotional abuse and neglect has been defined according to the Dept of Health as â€Å"the persistent adverse effects on the child’s emotional development†(Dept of Health,1999:5-6) and relates itself to malicious †parental behaviour that damages a child’s self-esteem,degrades a sense of achievement,diminishes a sense of belonging and stands in the way of healthy,vigorous and happy development. Emotional abuse has been described as an overtly rejecting behaviour of carers on the one hand or as passive neglect on the other†(Iwaniec,D,Child care in Practice,1994). As a separate form of abuse it was only recognised by legislation in the United Kingdom in the 1980’s although it did receive recognition in the United States since 1977. Attempts have been made to define emotional abuse and neglect in a general way and five damaging behaviours have been levelled by Garbino,Guttman and Seeley(1986) as rejecting,isolating,terrorising,ignoring and corrupting with these actions being a concerted attack by an adult on a child’s development of self and social competence only being described as overtly abusive,painful and developmentally and cognitively damaging. Such behaviour can be seen as an act of commission or omission occuring â€Å"when meaningful adults are unable to provide necessary nuturance,stimulation,encouragement and protection to the child at various stages of development which inhibits his optimal functioning†(Whiting,1976). Sexual abuse in relation to children has been described as â€Å"involving,forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activites whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activites may involve physical contact,including penetrative(e. g rape or buggery) and non-penetrative acts. They may also include non-contact activites such as involving children in looking at or in the production of pornographic material,or watching sexual activites or encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways†(Dept of Health,1996,6). This description of sexual abuse specifies that sexual abuse may not necessarily involve physical contact although there can be many other areas to be included when involving a definition such as what is the relation of the perpetrator of such acts and the definition put forward by Glasser and Frosh seems to be more comprehensive â€Å"Any child below the age of consent may be deemed to have been sexually abused when a sexually mature person has by design or by neglect of their usual societal or specific responsibilities in relation to the child,engaged or permitted the engagement of that child in any activity of a sexual nature which is intended to lead to the sexual gratification of the sexually mature person†(Glasser and Frosh,1988,5). This definition pertains to whether or not it involves genital or physical contact and whether or not there is a discernable harmful outcome in the short term. Child sexual abuse is a highly difficult problem and is far more commonplace than previously thought and also affects older as well as younger children(MacFarlane&Waterman,1986) although their is a greater degree of seriousness among practitioners about the urgency of intervention to protect children from such abuse. Another form of abuse that has received prominence in recent years is Institutional abuse that mainly involved children living in residential care including being under the care of a local authority with one case that rose to prominence being the Pindown Inquiry in 1991 concerning the use of a system referred to as Pindown in children’s homes in Staffordshire England. The Inquiry outlined how methods of controlling children involved techniques that could be construed as sensory deprivation and solitary confinement, were used over a large period of time under the approval of the management of Staffordshire Social Services being only described as brutal in there approach. In the following years a glut of cases came to the fore and the Department of Health responded by instigating a general inquiry in the state of residential care that came to be known as the Utting report 1991,that provided a view on the conflicting sides in care homes good and bad and making a note of the need for greater vigilance and the development of greater measures to protect the safety of children in such places of care. In situations where abuse occurs different groups and individuals can be more vulnerable to abuse than others and the need for greater research into these cases will only help to develop a better understanding of abuse and its forms.. One grouping where abuse has gained significance and shown how a group can be more vulnerable is amongst elderly individuals in domiciliary and residential settings as â€Å"behind closed doors† can be more difficult to combat as contact between victims and services can be extremely limited. Elder abuse has probably been placed in the background in its significance to such abuse as child abuse but any form of abuse is not to be tolerated as each individual has a significant sense of worth and uniqueness in life though elder abuse is often an ignored and hidden problem in society as â€Å"The voice of older people is rarely heard by those who have responsibility for commissioning,regulating and inspecting services†(Fitzgerald,G,Action for Elder Abuse). In 2000 the Dept issued guidance(No Secrets) on the protection of vulnerable adults from abuse defining a vulnerable person as one â€Å"who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability,age or illness and who is or may be unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation†(No Secrets,paras2. 5-2. 6) and although this definition was not restricted to older people it has received criticism as it appeared to exclude those individuals who do not require community care but with no standard definition of Elder abuse in the United kingdom as the term has been imported from the United States one commonly used definition is â€Å"a single or repeated act of inappropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person†(House of Commons Health Commitee,Elder Abuse,Volume 1,2004,P5). Abuse exists when a lack of care from one person towards another is present in a relationship and the thought of predicting abuse or neglect is appealing because of its ability to be preventative and adults have a sense or obligation of care in may respects of life being held to be trustworthy in the application of that duty but the more responsible the relationship the higher the chance of abuse that can exist and parental care is one context that can be seen as the primary type of relationship where abuse can occur and what does or does not be held to be adequate care can be important when making decisions about the likelihood of abuse occurring. With the Childrens Act 1989 not giving any firm statement of intent on what can be deemed adequate care and broad ideas on what care should involve such as physical and emotional responses,health,protection and cognitive behavioural development, research and evidence can be crucial in reviewing contexts and the suggestion that particular c hildren can be determined for abuse with researchers interested in the dynamics of why particular children are susceptible. Predicting abuse by observing maternal responses to new born babies is an important feature of child protection with children who are seen as not wanted or the â€Å"wrong sex† by their parents at a greater risk(Roberts ,1980) but many parents often carry into life unresolved issues from their own childhood or present circumstances that have a substantial impact on their ability to form deep and lasting relationships with their children,†The undermining effect of a difficult child on parental functioning will be lessened when the parent has an abundance of personal psychological resources ,conversely an easy to rear child can compensate for limited personal resources on the part of the parent on maintaining parental effectiveness†(Belsky&Vondra,1989,188), therefore solid connections to parent or primary care giver is essential to the child’s development and growth. Parents who experience substance abuse,domestic violence or mental health issues can provide risk factors or damaging environments where children can be open to abuse and although not all parents with these experiences can be a risk to their children,their ability to provide adequate care can be limited and damaging. Substance misuse can result in a parents ability to erform basic parenting tasks(Kroll,2004) and be generative of chaotic environments and has come to focus in many families that are under child protection enquiries even during pregnancy and early development. Mental illness can also be seen as another factor relating to abuse ranging from a parents depression to psychotic or delusional violence that can result in fatal cases. The risks can be seen as greater if the parent shows hostility or aggression towards the child,ultimately becoming a target with many children taking on a caring role themselves as parenting can be in conflict and opposition. Another factor co-exis ting and overlapping with the factors previously discussed is domestic violence. Domestic violence is common and is seen usually in the context of the male exerting power over a female and a form of controlling behaviour with violence beginning even during pregnancy increasing in severity leading to a effect on emotional and psychosocial development. With a child being witness to such behaviour anxiety and stress can result in the childs having long term effect even when physical violence is not present. So although factors can emphasise a disposition to abuse the truth is never that clear and no single event or outcome can be determined and the likelihood is that factors such as those discussed are part of a complex context and set of circumstances beginning even long before the child is involved. Social factors can also have considerable effect on abuse and links have been made between male unemployment and the physical abuse of children(Gillham,1998) and the Department of Health has also conducted its own studies finding that 95 percent of children on protection registers are from poor families(Dept of Health,1995) with children from lower economic environments more likely to be abused(Lawson,2000),nevertheless it has been argued that child abuse cuts across all social class with lower classes more susceptible to come under government investigation because of their need for more government resources with this in mind â€Å"Child abuse is strongly related to class, inequality and poverty both in terms of prevelance and severity†¦ olving the problem requires a realignment of social policy which recognises the necessity of tackling the social,economic and cultural conditions associated with the abuse†(Parton,1985,175-176) â€Å"Abuse in the form of violence against women is a normal feature of patriarcial relations. It is a major vehicle that men use in controlling women,as such it is the norm not an aberration. The widespread incidence of child sexual abuse reveals the extent to which men are prepared to wield sexual violence as a major weapon in asserting their authority over women† (Dominelli,1986,p12) Abuse can be seen as a product of a particular culture and child rearing practices are different from time to place being influenced by religion,class,sexuality etc. Culturally approved practices â€Å"such as isolating infants and small children in rooms or beds of their own at night,making them wait for readily available food or allowing them to cry without immediate attending to their needs or desires would be at odds with the child rearing philosophies of most of the cultures discussed†(Korbin,1981,p4) need to be taken into consideration when defining are certain acts abusive but that does not mean that these ideas are not to be challenged. In the vast majority of abuse cases children or women can be seen to the victim and women have been subjected to horrendous acts and ordeals through out many cultures. The challenging of old ideas as an example can be seen in the context of the rape of women in Zimbabwe being traditionally remedied by the arrangement of the perpetrator to the victim in marriage. This act can be seen as seriously and psychologically wicked in its practice but it is an example of where outside support for change can b e directed. Other cultural practices such as circumsion and clitoridectomy should be seen as widely abusive acts (Finkelhor&Korbin,1988) and as all abuse is seen in the context of power over the victim rape is another practice especially in the context of war,with the idea of dehumanising the victims leaving a state of fear,anger and hate having long term effects individually and collectively. Being able to differentiate between culturally normative and abusive behaviour without the fear of being seen as racist or stereotypical in approach can result in the protection of abusive individuals and many cases have seen elements of the failure to protect, such examples have included Tyra Henry(Lambeth,1987),Ailee Labonte(Newham Area child protection committee,2002) and Victoria Climbie(Laming,2003),so culture can be a significant factor in how abuse operates and is defined. â€Å"No one ever became depraved with suddenness† (Juvenal,AD c-60-c130) To conclude, further study and research needs to be paid into abuse, its characteristics and manifestations and greater clarification needs to be sought in many areas and inquiry within the context of abuse, peer relationships and the way they are experienced and handled having implications in how individuals relate to others in life as â€Å"Contemporaries increasingly seek one another as the primary sources of support, security and intimacy†(Mueller&Silverman,1989,p583) so many factors need to be taken into account when in discussion but as stated earlier abuse is seen as the act of power over another individual or group so the last words belong to the great Carl Jung in that â€Å"Where love reigns ,there is no will to power and where power is all pervading,Love is absent. The one is but the shadow of the other† (Carl Gustav Jung ,1917,Gesammelte Werke,Vol. 7,Zurich,Rascheter-Verlag)

Free Essays on Getting Kids To College

Getting Kids to College It happens every year. Teenagers become young adults and want to get to college after graduation. The problem is, they don’t know how. Usually, we hear excuses from them such as, â€Å"My family and I don’t have the money,† or â€Å"It’s financially impossible.† What is really going on is that students don’t realize that there are resources and ways for the financially troubled. The young adults don’t take the time to research the resources or seek the available possibilities. This problem happens mostly because it may seem impossible to students, so they give up, and because there is not enough education on the topic or not enough counseling. Most schools, like the one I went to, had only one counselor per class. That is one each for freshmen, sophomores, Juniors and Seniors. I remember trying to get to the counselor to ask for advice and to get information. It took a long time just to make an appointment, and even though I did get to him, the time was short because there were others that had scheduled appointments. This needs to be solved. Students need direct access to a counselor, or it is pointless having one. Perhaps this could be solved by a more ordered counseling system or the schools just having more than one counselor. In high school, we always heard from the teachers, â€Å"You guys need to complete your work because it is a preparation for college.† It’s a good thing that we are being prepared for the type of college work, but what about education for how the financial part of the college system works. Students should be educated on the resources available in order to get to college. Some schools have optional activities for students to attend but most students don’t bother with them, just because it’s â€Å"optional†. I think a mandatory type of educational class would better a students knowledge of college. This way, the students would have to find out ways to re... Free Essays on Getting Kids To College Free Essays on Getting Kids To College Getting Kids to College It happens every year. Teenagers become young adults and want to get to college after graduation. The problem is, they don’t know how. Usually, we hear excuses from them such as, â€Å"My family and I don’t have the money,† or â€Å"It’s financially impossible.† What is really going on is that students don’t realize that there are resources and ways for the financially troubled. The young adults don’t take the time to research the resources or seek the available possibilities. This problem happens mostly because it may seem impossible to students, so they give up, and because there is not enough education on the topic or not enough counseling. Most schools, like the one I went to, had only one counselor per class. That is one each for freshmen, sophomores, Juniors and Seniors. I remember trying to get to the counselor to ask for advice and to get information. It took a long time just to make an appointment, and even though I did get to him, the time was short because there were others that had scheduled appointments. This needs to be solved. Students need direct access to a counselor, or it is pointless having one. Perhaps this could be solved by a more ordered counseling system or the schools just having more than one counselor. In high school, we always heard from the teachers, â€Å"You guys need to complete your work because it is a preparation for college.† It’s a good thing that we are being prepared for the type of college work, but what about education for how the financial part of the college system works. Students should be educated on the resources available in order to get to college. Some schools have optional activities for students to attend but most students don’t bother with them, just because it’s â€Å"optional†. I think a mandatory type of educational class would better a students knowledge of college. This way, the students would have to find out ways to re...

Free Essays on James A Garfield

James A. Garfield Twentieth President 1881 Interesting Fact: James Garfield was the second president shot in office. Doctors tried to find the bullet with a metal detector invented by Alexander Graham Bell. But the device failed because Garfield was placed on a bed with metal springs, and no one thought to move him. He died on September 19, 1881. Fast Fact: James A. Garfield died from an assassin's bullet only six months after he took office. Biography: As the last of the log cabin Presidents, James A. Garfield attacked political corruption and won back for the Presidency a measure of prestige it had lost during the Reconstruction period. He was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1831. Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education. He was graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and he returned to the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (later Hiram College) in Ohio as a classics professor. Within a year he was made its president. Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican. During the secession crisis, he advocated coercing the seceding states back into the Union. In 1862, when Union military victories had been few, he successfully led a brigade at Middle Creek, Kentucky, against Confederate troops. At 31, Garfield became a brigadier general, two years later a major general of volunteers. Meanwhile, in 1862, Ohioans elected him to Congress. President Lincoln persuaded him to resign his commission: It was easier to find major generals than to obtain effective Republicans for Congress. Garfield repeatedly won re-election for 18 years, and became the leading Republican in the House. At the 1880 Republican Convention, Garfield failed to win the Presidential nomination for his friend John Sherman. Finally, on the 36th ballot, Garfield himself became the "dark horse" nominee. By a margin of only 10,000 popular votes, Garfield defeated... Free Essays on James A Garfield Free Essays on James A Garfield James A. Garfield Twentieth President 1881 Interesting Fact: James Garfield was the second president shot in office. Doctors tried to find the bullet with a metal detector invented by Alexander Graham Bell. But the device failed because Garfield was placed on a bed with metal springs, and no one thought to move him. He died on September 19, 1881. Fast Fact: James A. Garfield died from an assassin's bullet only six months after he took office. Biography: As the last of the log cabin Presidents, James A. Garfield attacked political corruption and won back for the Presidency a measure of prestige it had lost during the Reconstruction period. He was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1831. Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education. He was graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and he returned to the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (later Hiram College) in Ohio as a classics professor. Within a year he was made its president. Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican. During the secession crisis, he advocated coercing the seceding states back into the Union. In 1862, when Union military victories had been few, he successfully led a brigade at Middle Creek, Kentucky, against Confederate troops. At 31, Garfield became a brigadier general, two years later a major general of volunteers. Meanwhile, in 1862, Ohioans elected him to Congress. President Lincoln persuaded him to resign his commission: It was easier to find major generals than to obtain effective Republicans for Congress. Garfield repeatedly won re-election for 18 years, and became the leading Republican in the House. At the 1880 Republican Convention, Garfield failed to win the Presidential nomination for his friend John Sherman. Finally, on the 36th ballot, Garfield himself became the "dark horse" nominee. By a margin of only 10,000 popular votes, Garfield defeated...

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Research Paper Example (â€Å"Smith et al†). Many organizations feel irritated by the changes which they have to make in order to be compliant. Even when many companies carry out the required changes and achieve compliance they usually feel that there is no more need for change. Basically most organizations see compliance as an imposition. However compliance is only the bear minimum level of competency and organizations should ideally never tire in making improvements upon this. 3. The City of Scottsdale has initiated many environmental leadership policies. What are the City’s two most well recognized (nationally and internationally) initiatives? What is the next planned step to enhance one of the policies? Please cite your sources. 50 words or less. In 1997 Scottsdale initiated the EPA EMS municipal pilot proframme.In 2001 the Scottsdale environmental management system (EvMS) was implemented in five continents: North America;Europe;Africa;Asia and South America.(Scottsdale, 2008) Their next objective is to create a â€Å"greener Scottsdale†(OEIS) There are three pillars to creating a workable environmental management system (EMS).These are: compliance; improvement and prevention. The organization must be compliant with existing legislation and guidelines. Furthermore there is no perfection in EMS so there must always be a movement towards improvement and regarding prevention it is far easier to protect the environment through prevention rather than through a clean up operation. Also it is important to build a set of objects and targets based upon the three pillars but geared around the unique circumstances presented by your organization. These must be regularly reviewed. (â€Å"Stapleton and Glover†) Wilcox and Theodore quote Carter’s ( Wilcox and Theodore,xxviii) point out that in order for people to do the right thing they need not only be honest, rather they must have integrity and this integrity must be combined with social

Work shop activity .Words and Words formation Essay

Work shop activity .Words and Words formation - Essay Example For instance, some students find it tricky to retrieve single words especially nouns, adjectives, calendar dates, verbs and general numbers. For this reason, it is very difficult for them to respond comfortably to questions that require them to use facts in arguing their points out (Finch, 2000). This does not mean they lack information about the question but instead are not good at clearly distinguishing characters, places, numbers and other facts. In some cases commonly referred to as discourse retrieval contexts, students find it difficult to take part actively in discussions, which relate to some events or some experiences in life (Finegan et al, 1992). A lexeme is a language unit, which bears lexical meaning in that in whichever form they appear, they bear a common meaning. Lexeme derive its origin from language morphology because a lexeme word or phrase helps people understand a concept which links to that word even though they write and express it differently. Since a lexeme reduces a word, it makes it easy for people who have difficulties in word definition to get a basic meaning of such words. For instance, a word like water in simple terms is a noun. The same word can be a verb to mean the act of giving water to something for example plants. It makes it easy for a student to remember words and quickly fix them in their right context (Yule, 2010). Lexeme makes it easy for learners to understand and compare words. For instance, medical processing uses a series of scientific terms. Unless students are good at such terms, they cannot understand the medical products. The use of lexeme acts as a bridging factor since it reduces the differences of language representation (Schendi, 2003). Similarities that stem from perception have a hug role in learning especially during the early stages of language development in children because it enables them in grouping objects to a particular category thus supporting them in identifying the name